Arbitration law and rules

Instrument text · English · authentic text

New York, 10 June 1958; United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 330, 1959, No. 4739, pp. 38–43

Copy source: WIPO · WIPOLex · UN text UNCITRAL · New York Convention

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Provisions and additional sources · 2

New York Convention of 1958Copy from an official source
UN depositary: Convention parties and reservationsOfficial resource

International conventions

European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration 1961

Agreements, procedural organisation, applicable law and the effects of annulment within the Convention’s scope.

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Instrument text · English, French and Russian

1961 Convention; UN certified copy, 1994

Copy source: treaties.un.org

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Provisions and additional sources · 1

European Convention 1961: State participationOfficial resource

Model texts and procedural rules

Model texts and procedural rulesModel text

UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration

A model for domestic legislation. Its provisions and editions must be distinguished from the law enacted by a particular State.

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Instrument text · Russian

1985/2006 text; UN Russian edition, 2008

Copy source: Arbitration centre · copy of UN publication UNCITRAL — official Russian1985/2006text

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Model texts and procedural rulesProcedural rules

UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules

Rules for conducting proceedings. Their application and edition depend on party agreement, subject to mandatory law.

Official resource

Model texts and procedural rulesGuidance text

UNCITRAL Notes on Organizing Arbitral Proceedings: 2016, 2023 addition

Practical organisation of proceedings, including the 2023 note on early dismissal and preliminary determination.

Official resource

Provisions and additional sources · 1

UNCITRAL Notes: full official 2023 textOfficial resource

Model texts and procedural rulesInstitutional rules

ICC Arbitration Rules 2026: official text

Agreed rules for ICC institutional arbitration; the edition applies from 1 June 2026.

Arbitral institution / chamber publication

Other national legislation

England and Wales: Arbitration Act 1996, Part I, sections 2, 5–6, 81

Complete sections 2, 5, 6 and 81: agreement form and the scope of the Arbitration Act 1996.

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Selected provisions in full · English

Current sections 2, 5, 6 and 81; checked 28 October 2026

Copy source: legislation.gov.uk

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Other national legislation

France: Code de procédure civile, Articles 1442–1445, 1504 and 1507

Complete CPC Articles 1442–1445, 1504 and 1507: clauses, submission agreements and domestic/international distinctions.

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Selected provisions in full · French

Provisions effective on 28 October 2026; the future Article 1504 version from 1 January 2027 is not included

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Copy source: Légifrance

Other national legislation

Switzerland: PILA, Article 178

Complete LDIP/PILA Articles 176 and 178: the international framework, form and validity.

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Selected provisions in full · French

Status as of 1 January 2026

Copy source: Fedlex Official source

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Other national legislation

Switzerland: CPC, Articles 353 and 357–358

Complete CPC Articles 353, 357 and 358: the domestic framework and agreement form.

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Selected provisions in full · French

Status as of 1 July 2026

Copy source: Fedlex Official source

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Other national legislation

Singapore: Arbitration Act 2001, sections 3–4

Complete Arbitration Act 2001 sections 3–4: scope and written form.

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Selected provisions in full · English

Current SSO consolidation checked 28 October 2026; version effective from 9 March 2025

Copy source: Singapore Statutes Online

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Other national legislation

Singapore: International Arbitration Act 1994, sections 5 and 15

Complete IAA sections 2A, 5 and 15: form and selection of the applicable framework.

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Selected provisions in full · English

Current SSO consolidation checked 28 October 2026; version effective from 9 March 2025

Copy source: Singapore Statutes Online

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Provisions and additional sources · 1

Singapore: International Arbitration Act 1994, section 2ACopy from an official source

Other national legislation

Arbitration Act 2025: official text

Reform of English arbitration legislation: governing law, court assistance and review. Additional links cover commencement and official explanatory notes.

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Complete statute · English

As enacted, 24 February 2025

Copy source: legislation.gov.uk

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Provisions and additional sources · 2

Arbitration Act 2025 commencement: SI 2025/905Copy from an official source
Arbitration Act 2025: official explanatory notesCopy from an official source

Russia

Russian Civil Code · persons, transaction form, representation and succession

Complete selected Part I provisions on notarial form, authority, assignment, debt transfer, guarantees and separate legal personality.

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Complete selected articles · Russian

Source edition 10 June 2026, with listed changes through 22 October 2026

Copy source: ConsultantPlus · unofficial copy Official Internet Portal of Legal Information

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Russia

Russian Notariat Fundamentals · transactions, copies and signatures

Complete Articles 53, 54, 77 and 80. Sources for each part of the selection are identified on the document page.

Compilation from multiple sources

Complete selected articles · Russian

Selected articles verified on 28 October 2026; source editions specified for each article

Copy source: Russian Ministry of Justice (53,54,77); ConsultantPlus (80)

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Russia

Russian Civil Code · private international law

Complete Articles 1202 and 1217.1: a legal entity’s personal law and the law governing representation.

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Complete selected articles · Russian

Source edition 8 August 2024

Copy source: ConsultantPlus · unofficial copy Official Internet Portal of Legal Information

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Russia

Federal Law No. 382-FZ on arbitration in the Russian Federation

Definitions, the parties’ agreement, procedure and enforcement.

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Complete article text · Russian

Edition dated 8 August 2024; all 54 articles

Copy source: consultant.ru Official Internet Portal of Legal Information

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Provisions and additional sources · 13

Law 382-FZ, Article 1: both organisational modelsCopy from a legal database
Law 382-FZ, Article 2: tribunal and administrationCopy from a legal database
Law 382-FZ, Article 44: institutional status and activitiesCopy from a legal database
Law 382-FZ, Article 7: written form of the agreementCopy from a legal database
Law 382-FZ, Article 34: form and contents of an awardCopy from a legal database
Law 382-FZ, Article 27: hearings and documentsCopy from a legal database
Law 382-FZ, Article 30: assistance in obtaining evidenceCopy from a legal database
Law 382-FZ, Article 40: finality of an awardCopy from a legal database
382-FZ, Article 37: correction and additional awardsCopy from a legal database
Article 41 of Law No. 382-FZ: enforcement of an arbitral awardCopy from a legal database
Law 382-FZ, Article 29: tribunal-appointed expertsCopy from a legal database
Law 382-FZ, Article 26: submission of evidenceCopy from a legal database
Law 382-FZ, Article 19: procedure and assessment of evidenceCopy from a legal database

Russia

Russian Law No. 5338-1 on international commercial arbitration

International commercial arbitration; recognition and enforcement.

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Instrument text · Russian

Edition dated 30 December 2021; statute and appendices

Copy source: Legalacts.ru · unofficial copy Official Internet Portal of Legal Information

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Provisions and additional sources · 1

Law 5338-1, Article 26: tribunal-appointed expertsCopy from a legal database

Russia

Commercial Procedure Code of the Russian Federation

Commercial court assistance, setting aside, writs of execution, foreign awards and sanctions-related mechanisms.

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Complete cited provisions · Russian

38 complete articles; 15 December 2025 edition, amendments effective 1 January 2026

Copy source: consultant.ru Official Internet Portal of Legal Information

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Provisions and additional sources · 25

Commercial Procedure Code, Article 230: setting asideCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 74.1: a tribunal’s evidence requestCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 236: Russian-seated awardsCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 241: foreign arbitral awardsCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 233: setting asideCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 239: refusing a writCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 33: arbitrabilityCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 225.1: corporate disputesCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 248.1: exclusive jurisdiction and restrictive measuresCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 248.2: foreign-proceedings injunctionCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 237: application and documentsCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 242: recognition of a foreign awardCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 246: enforcement and restorationCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 235: jurisdiction reviewCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 161: allegation of fabricated evidenceCopy from a legal database
Russian Commercial Procedure Code: complete Article 62 on representative authorityCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 48: Procedural successionCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 117: Restoration of procedural time limitsCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 324: Deferral and instalment enforcementCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 90: Grounds for interim measuresCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 92: Application for interim reliefCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 232: Determination of a setting-aside applicationCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 234: Order in setting-aside proceedingsCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 238: Determination of a writ applicationCopy from a legal database
Commercial Procedure Code, Article 240: Order on a writ of executionCopy from a legal database

Russia

Russian Code of Civil Procedure

Assistance and supervision by courts of general jurisdiction: evidence, setting aside and enforcement of arbitral awards.

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Complete cited provisions · Russian

36 complete articles; 4 August 2026 edition, amendments effective 1 September 2026

Copy source: consultant.ru Official Internet Portal of Legal Information

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Provisions and additional sources · 23

Code of Civil Procedure, Article 418: setting asideCopy from a legal database
Code of Civil Procedure, Article 63.1: a tribunal’s evidence requestCopy from a legal database
Code of Civil Procedure, Article 423: a writ of executionCopy from a legal database
Code of Civil Procedure, Article 416: foreign arbitral awardsCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 421: setting asideCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 426: refusing a writCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 22.1: arbitrabilityCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 424: application and documentsCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 410: territorial venue for recognitionCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 409: period and restorationCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 422.1: preliminary jurisdiction rulingCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 186: allegation of forged evidenceCopy from a legal database
Russian Civil Procedure Code: complete Article 54 on representative authorityCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 44: Procedural successionCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 112: Restoration of procedural time limitsCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 203: Deferral and instalment enforcementCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 376.1: Time for a cassation complaintCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 139: Grounds for interim reliefCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 140: Interim measuresCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 420: Determination of a setting-aside applicationCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 422: Order in setting-aside proceedingsCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 425: Determination of a writ applicationCopy from a legal database
Civil Procedure Code, Article 427: Order on a writ of executionCopy from a legal database

RussiaLink to Article 36.2

329-FZ, Article 36.2: sports disputes

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Complete cited provisions · Russian

Article 36.2; copy saved 28 October 2026

Copy source: consultant.ru Official Internet Portal of Legal Information

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RussiaArticle 13 · consumer credit

353-FZ, Article 13: consumer credit

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Complete cited provisions · Russian

Article 13; copy saved 28 October 2026

Copy source: consultant.ru Official Internet Portal of Legal Information

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Russia

Russian Consumer Protection Law

Complete Articles 16 and 17: unfair contractual terms and judicial protection. Copy provenance and edition are separately identified.

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Complete cited provisions · Russian

Law version dated 28 December 2025, as affected on 17 February 2026; provisions effective from 1 October 2026; complete Articles 16 and 17

Copy source: ConsultantPlus · unofficial copy Official Internet Portal of Legal Information

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Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan Civil Code: Article 154 — notarisation of a transaction

Complete Article 154 on notarial form under legislation or party agreement.

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Complete selected articles · Russian

Source edition 20 August 2026

Copy source: Uchet.kz · unofficial copy Adilet · official resource

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Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan: Law 488-V of 8 April 2016 on arbitration

Articles 1–4: scope, treaties and two arbitration models.

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Instrument text · Russian

1 July 2026 edition; unofficial Uchet.kz reproduction

Copy source: Uchet.kz · unofficial copy Adilet — state legal information database

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Kazakhstan

Civil Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Complete selected provisions on court jurisdiction, assistance, setting aside, enforcement writs and foreign awards. Edition dated 8 September 2026; unofficial Uchet.kz copy with a separate official source.

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Complete cited provisions · Russian

15 complete articles; Uchet.kz identifies the 8 September 2026 edition

Copy source: Uchet.kz · unofficial reproduction Adilet · Kazakhstan Ministry of Justice

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KazakhstanSpecial framework

AIFC Arbitration Regulations 2017

The special AIFC framework. The saved official text is dated 5 December 2017 and is distinct from Kazakhstan’s general Law 488-V.

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Instrument text · English

Text dated 5 December 2017; official PDF

Copy source: AIFC · official website

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Belarus

Belarus: Law 301-Z on arbitral tribunals, official complete text

Complete Pravo.by text, Articles 1–53; its amendment list includes Law 134-Z of 16 March 2026. Agreement, register, constitution, interim relief, setting aside and enforcement provisions.

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Instrument text · Russian

Including amendments dated 16 March 2026

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Copy source: pravo.by

Belarus

Belarus: Law 279-Z on international arbitration

International arbitration. The saved official text includes amendments of 16 March 2026; the 2014 edition remains separately available as an archive.

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Full statutory text · Russian

Amended 16 March 2026; official text saved 28 October 2026

Copy source: Belarus National Legal Internet Portal

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Provisions and additional sources · 1

Belarus: Law 279-Z, archived version in the World Laws Information CenterCopy from a secondary source

Belarus

Belarus: Code of Civil Proceedings 359-Z

Code of Civil Proceedings: complete official text including amendments through 20 July 2026. The original 2024 edition remains separately available as an archive.

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Full text · Russian

Official consolidation including amendments through 20 July 2026; saved 28 October 2026

Copy source: Belarus National Legal Internet Portal

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Provisions and additional sources · 3

Belarus: Code 359-Z, official ETALON-ONLINE recordCopy from an official source
Belarus: Code Article 467, unofficial Legaris publicationCopy from an official source
Belarus Code of Civil Proceedings: original 2024 edition · archiveCopy from an official source

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz Republic Law 135 of 30 July 2002 on arbitral tribunals

Official statutory record, with an available unofficial consolidated text separately identified. Appointment, procedure, judicial review and enforcement.

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Instrument text · Russian

Unofficial consolidation dated 22 July 2026

Copy source: Aqlex · unofficial copy Kyrgyz Ministry of Justice legal information database

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Provisions and additional sources · 1

Kyrgyzstan: Law 135, unofficial aqlex consolidation of 22 July 2026Copy from a legal database

Kyrgyzstan

Civil Procedure Code of the Kyrgyz Republic

Official database. Full text requires the site interface; the accessible third-party publication is labelled separately.

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Instrument text · Russian

Publication including changes dated 6 October 2026; includes future amendments

Copy source: Zakon.kg · unofficial copy Kyrgyz Ministry of Justice legal information database

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Provisions and additional sources · 3

Kyrgyzstan: full Civil Procedure Code on Zakon.kg (unofficial publication)Copy from a legal database
Kyrgyzstan: Code Articles 418–422, unofficial aqlex publicationCopy from a legal database
Kyrgyzstan: Code Article 66 — court-ordered evidence productionCopy from a legal database

Armenia

Armenian Law on Commercial Arbitration, HO-55-N

Armenia: current consolidated Commercial Arbitration Law

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Instrument text · Armenian

Edition published by ARLIS; copy saved 28 October 2026

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Copy source: arlis.am

Armenia

Civil Procedure Code of the Republic of Armenia

Armenia: current consolidated Civil Procedure Code

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Instrument text · Armenian

Edition published by ARLIS; copy saved 28 October 2026

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Saved: 28.10.2026

Copy source: arlis.am

Moldova

Moldova Civil Code: Articles 321 and 323 — written and authentic form

Complete Articles 321 and 323 on written and authentic form.

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Complete selected articles · Romanian

Source edition 1 April 2026

Copy source: e-Lex · unofficial copy Legis.md · official resource

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Saved: 28.10.2026

Moldova

Moldova Law 23-XVI on Arbitration · official text

Complete official Legis.md text incorporating LP211 of 29 July 2016. The document page identifies the edition.

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Instrument text · Romanian

Incorporating Law LP211 of 29 July 2016; saved official text

Copy source: Legis.md · State Register of Legal Acts Legis.md State Register · statutory record

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Saved: 28.10.2026

Moldova

Moldovan Law 24-XVI of 22 February 2008 on international commercial arbitration

Complete official Legis.md text incorporating LP238 of 8 November 2018. The document page identifies the edition.

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Instrument text · Romanian

Incorporating Law LP238 of 8 November 2018; saved official text

Copy source: Legis.md · State Register of Legal Acts Legis.md State Register · statutory record

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Moldova

Civil Procedure Code of the Republic of Moldova

Complete selected articles in the 6 August 2026 edition: court jurisdiction, foreign awards, annulment and a writ. Unofficial e-Lex copy; the official register and full 2024 archive PDF are linked separately.

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Complete cited provisions · Romanian

6 August 2026 edition; unofficial e-Lex copy, 27 complete articles

Copy source: e-Lex · unofficial copy Moldova State Register of Legal Acts

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Provisions and additional sources · 1

Moldova Civil Procedure Code: archived 2024 editionCopy from an official source

MoldovaFuture framework

Moldovan Arbitration Law 198 of 25 August 2026

The 2026 reform: official publication and a separate unofficial copy of the transitional provisions. The country guide distinguishes the current and future regimes.

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Instrument text · Romanian

2026 law; future framework from 1 March 2027; BizLex copy

Copy source: BizLex · unofficial copy Monitorul Oficial466–469,22September2026,entry485

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Provisions and additional sources · 1

Moldova: Law 198/2026, unofficial text of transitional provisionsCopy from a legal database

Court guidance

Russian Supreme Court Plenum Resolution 53 of 10 December 2019

General guidance on state court assistance and supervision. Thematic analyses appear in the case-law section.

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Instrument text · Russian

Resolution 53 of 10 December 2019

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Copy source: vsrf.ru

Court guidance

Supreme Court Plenum: Resolution 15, 21 May 2026, paragraph 26

An arbitration agreement during preparation of a civil court case.

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Instrument text · Russian

Resolution 15 of 21 May 2026

Copy source: Legalacts.ru · unofficial copy Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

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Court guidanceHistorical document

Presidium of the Higher Commercial Court, Letter 96, 22 December 2005

Historical illustrations; current numbering must be checked in the codes.

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Archived copy · Russian

Historical document: Letter 96 of 22 December 2005

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Copy source: vsrf.ru

Court guidance

Russian Supreme Court Plenum Resolution 1 of 21 January 2016 on court costs

General rules for recovering state-court costs, distinguished from allocation of arbitration costs.

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Court guidanceJudicial practice review

Russian Supreme Court arbitration-assistance and supervision review · 26 December 2018

Complete review: agreement, jurisdiction, annulment and enforcement, linked to the website’s analyses.

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Court guidanceHistorical case law

Russian Supreme Court Q4 2011 Review · 14 March 2012

Civil cases, paragraph 1: consumer arbitration. The review describes case 19-V11-24 under the former statute; the guide addresses current law.

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Court guidance

Kazakhstan Supreme Court, normative Resolution 3 of 2 November 2023

Kazakhstan Supreme Court guidance on applying arbitration legislation.

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Instrument text · Russian

Resolution 3 of 2 November 2023; Arbitration Chamber copy

Copy source: palata.org Adilet — Kazakhstan Supreme Court normative resolution

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Court guidanceCourt guidance

Moldova CSJ Plenum, 30 March 2015, Resolution 2, amended 16 October 2017

Official PDF: general guidance, including paragraphs 21–27, 29–31 and 48. Check statutory references against the applicable legislative version.

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Court guidanceAdvisory opinion

Moldova CSJ Advisory Opinion 106, 28 June 2019

Official three-page PDF. Consumer protection and Code Article 485(2); not an individual enforcement disposition.

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